Nmcgregor x and y theory of motivation pdf

The approach that you take will have a significant impact on your ability to motivate your team members. In this video we are going to be looking at douglas mcgregor theory x and theory y managers. Theory x managers and theory y managers often see their perceptions of people confirmed. Thus, we can say that theory x presents a pessimistic view of employees nature and behaviour at work, while theory y presents an optimistic view of the employees nature and behaviour at work.

His work is based upon maslows hierarchy of needs, where he grouped the hiera. Theory x and theory y was an idea devised by douglas mcgregor in his book the human side of enterprise 1960. Many years ago a professor named douglas mcgregor dubbed these perspectives theory x and theory y. Consider effort at work as just like rest or play ordinary people who do not dislike work. Designmethodologyapproach an empirical study was conducted through. Pdf theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its. Explanation of fourteen points of management by edward deming. Pdf theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and. Mcgregor recognised certain needs that theory x fails to take into account.

Edwards deming w edwards deming was an american statistician who is associated with the rise of japan as a manufacturing nation, and with the invention of total quality management tqm. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, mcgregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave. However, he found that an organisation driven solely by theory y could not succeed, as some sense of direction and structure was required.

Mcgregors theory x, y and ouchis z motivation self. Therefore most people must be motivated by forcedbribed with the threat of punishment or a reward to produce effort and work towards organizational objectives. The xy theory diagram and measurement tool below pdf and doc versions are adaptations. Mcgregor s theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior in the organization that was published in by douglas mcgregor. Mcgregor developed a philosophical view of humankind with his theory x and theory y in 1960. Theory x and theory y management applicationbusiness implications for workforce motivation. The democratic approach of theory y makes people feel comfortable as a result of which they commit themselves wholeheartedly to the organization. Theory x and theory y are theories of human motivation created and developed by douglas mcgregor at the mit sloan school of management in the 1960s.

Theory x and theory y was an idea devised by douglas mcgregor in his. Mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor. Professor douglas mcgregor highlighted that there is a significant relationship between motivation and leadership among people. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Xy theory questionnaire score the statements 5 always, 4 mostly, 3 often, 2 occasionally, 1 rarely, 0 never to indicate whether the situation and management style is x or y. Conclusion theory x and theory y conclusion theory x and. Theory x and theory y in 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. Mcgregor himself held to the belief that theory y assumptions were more valid than theory x.

Motivation, theory x and y, classroom, management manager and organisation introduction douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous theory x and y in his book the human side of enterprise in 1960. Explain the implications of theory x, theory y, and theory z for employee management mcgregors theory x and theory y the idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely pawns in the company, as his theory x type organizations seemed to believe. Clearly, a theory y approach sounds more appealing but, in fact, different members of one team might benefit from different management approaches, depending on the situation. My boss asks me politely to do things, gives me reasons why, and invites my suggestions. Mcgregor s work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. Motivation implies the act of stimulating or inspiring subordinates to pursue the desired course of action. Theory x, theory y, and theory z introduction to business. The three prior studies that have made this distinction were recently conducted solely to develop constructvalid measures of both.

He referred to these opposing motivational methods as theory x and theory y management. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit. It also focuses on the characteristics of theory x and y and how to manage upwards theory x boss in any organisation. You might, for instance, have a tendency to micromanage or, conversely, you may prefer to take a more handsoff approach. Theory x percieves employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company. It became very popular in the field of hr and it was a model that helped shift management from the negative paradigm to a positive spin. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation. This article describes the theory x and theory y of douglas mcgregor.

Most managers will likely use a mixture of theory x and theory y. To start off with, heres a brief definition of mcgregors theory x and theory y. In this process, employees are expected to exercise a large degree of internal motivation. It encapsulated a fundamental distinction between management styles and has formed the basis for much subsequent writing on the subject. Theory x theory x assumes that employees are naturally unmotivated and dislike working, and this encourages an authoritarian style of management.

Pdf on nov 1, 2017, mohammad saiful islam and others published application of mcgregor s theory x and theory y. According to an article in the economist, theory x is an authoritarian style where the emphasis is on productivity, on the concept of a. The concept of theory x and theory y was developed by social psychologist douglas mcgregor. Pdf application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Critically evaluate mcgregors theroy x and theory y free. After reading you will understand the background and the practical basics of these leadership styles what is theory x and theory y. He summarized the findings of the hawthorn experiment by introducing both theory x and theory y. Difference between theory x and theory y with comparison. X and consider using the techniques suggested by theory y. Perception of management toward the employees in the banking industry of. Managers with theory x attitudes hold that subordinates dislike work, avoid work if they can, and show little ambition. In relations to theory y the organization is trying to create the most symbiotic relationship between the managers and workers which relates to maslows hierarchy of needs of self. The average man is by nature, lazy he works as little as possible. Theory y workers were characterised by mcgregor as.

The xy theory diagram and measurement tool below pdf and doc versions are. The theories concentrate on two various models of potential motivation that is implemented by the managers across human resources management, organizational communication. Mcgregors xy theory is a natural rule for managing people. Copyright 2017, scholarly research journal for interdisciplinary. Mcgregors xy theory is mainly focused on management and motivation from the. This refers to an authoritarian management style, where reward and punishment is seen as the best way to motivate employees to meet objectives. Douglas mcgregor has developed a theory of motivation of the basis of hypotheses relating to human behaviour. Mc gregors theory x and theory y of motivation explained. In 1960, douglas mcgregor developed a leadership theory mcgregor theory x and theory y about organization and management in which he represented two opposing perceptions about people.

In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. If correlate it with maslows theory, we can say that theory x is based on the assumption that the employees emphasize on the physiological needs and the. The paper also summarised the application of theory x and y in classroom management and also. Mba 101 leadership, motivation mcgregor theory x and. Theory x and theory y, introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation.

It describes two contrasting sets of assumptions that managers make about their people. Theoryx and theoryy management applicationbusiness implications for workforce motivation. Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. Social psychologist mcgregors theoryx and theoryyof mit expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s. Mcgregors theory x and y in the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various. Mcgregors theory x and theory y introduction human beings have been studied systematically and objectively for many years to determine if they are resistant to work or selfgoverning. Dec 22, 2017 in this video we are going to be looking at douglas mcgregor theory x and theory y managers. Theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions.

Toward a constructvalid measure article pdf available in journal of managerial issues 202. According to this view, management must actively intervene to get things done. The purpose of this paper is to apply mcgregors theory x and theory y to study teacher motivation in higher education. The x y theory questionnaire page 1 of 2 indicates whether the situation and management style is the x or y style. His work is based upon maslows hierarchy of needs, where he grouped the hierarchy into lowerorder needs theory x and higherorder needs theory y. Theory x management style generally get poor results compare with managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop. Different styles of management have a different bearing on the motivation of workers in the organisation. Technofunc mcgregors leadership theory x and theory y. Douglas mcgregor, a behavior management theorist who was heavily influenced by both abraham maslow and. Mcgregor 1960 postulated that if managers enacted practices consistent with theory y behaviors, employee motivation would increase, thereby increasing. Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely cogs in the company machinery, as theory xtype organizations seemed to believe. Mcgregor x and y theory of motivation pdf theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of.

Mcgregor suggests that theory y is the best approach to motivate and influence employees in an organisation. It describes two very different attitudes towards workforce motivation. In 1960, he wrote the book \u201cthe human side of enterprise\u201d, where he identifies and develops his enowned theory x and theory y. The concept of theory x and theory y was first proposed by douglas mcgregor in his book human side of enterprise as a alternative sets assumptions about behavior and nature of people at work. It is something that makes people act or behave in a particular manner. Douglas mcgregor has classified the basic assumption regarding human nature into two parts and has designated them as theory x and theory y. The trick is to be aware of your assumptions and to adapt your management style, so that all members of your team can benefit. The management implications for theory x workers were that, to achieve organisational objectives, a business would need to impose a management system of coercion, control and punishment. There is no evidence to confirm that either set of assumptions is valid. Dogan unlucan mcgregor theories x and theory y student.

Theory into practice abraham maslow viewed mcgregor as a mentor. Theory x people dislike work, have little ambition, and are unwilling to take responsibility. Xteacher and theory yteacher in the 1960s, douglas mcgregor from mit came up with the theoryx and theoryy to describe styles of managers. Either theory x or theory y assumptions may be appropriate in a particular situation. Theory x and theory y, given by mcgregor, are explained below with the main assumptions of each theory. Social psychologist douglas mcgregor set forth two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s. Mcgregors work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. If we relate this theory to maslows hierarchy of needs, we see that theory x relates to lower order needs dominating peoples motivation and theory y is dominated by the higher order needs. Jul 08, 2017 motivation implies the act of stimulating or inspiring subordinates to pursue the desired course of action. In 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees.

Mcgregors theoryx and theoryy what is human resource. Theory x assumes that people dislike work and will. Application of theory x and y in classroom management by. In the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. There are two alternative sets of assumptions which mcgregor has. Based on the premises concerning human behaviour, prof. Theory x and theory y are still referred to regularly in the fields of. You may, however, find that you naturally favor one over the other.

It is important to note that both theory x and theory y are based on the argument that there are specific approaches to managing people based on their traits. Jun, 20 the alternative theory, theory y, presents employees in general as motivated, ambitious individuals who take a genuine interest in their work and are motivated by more than simply the fulfillment. Theory xy douglas mcgregor and theory z william ouichi. Leadership assumes that money is only motivation for the employees, and they will. His theory theory y and theory x are theories of human motivation that have been used for human resource management, organizational behaviour and organizational development. He was a strong supporter of theories x and y, and he put theory y that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility into practice in a californian electronics factory. Douglas mcgregor put forward a theory of motivation, called as theory x and theory y.

The idea behind using letters x and y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. Theory x and theory y relates to maslows hierarchy of needs in how human behavior and motivation is the main priority in the workplace in order to maximize output. Ramirez stephany juliana romero pino ricado valencia pinacue daniela. Mcgregor felt that companies followed either one of these approaches.

Mcgregor was heavily influenced by his colleague abraham maslow and his work on motivation. Differences between theory x and theory y difference between. According to mcgregor, the function of motivating people involves certain assumptions about human nature. Thus theoryy aims at the establishment of an environment in which employees can best achieve their personal goals by consulting, participating and communicating themselves to the objectives of the organization. Deming went to japan just after the war to help set up. Managements action of motivating human beings in the organization, according to mcgregor, involves certain assumptions, generalizations and hypothesis relating to human behavior and human nature.

Pdf douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise, changed the path of. Theory x and theory y describe two very different attitudes toward workforce motivation. Many theorists support that mcgregor s theory considers the field of management from a new angle, indicating a strong influential value. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave character of the manager or worker corresponding to the. Thus, the selabels describe contrasting set of assumptions about human nature. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. Theory x and theory y mcgregor s theory x and theory y. The climate in a theory x organisation tends to be impersonal and the theory suggests carrot and stick approach to motivation.

Xteacher and theory yteacher aboluays anas musings. Mar 21, 20 theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. Leaders know best, and should closely direct actions taken by staff, with little room for independence and responsibility. First, there has been a failure to distinguish between theory xy attitudes and theory xy behaviors. In this theory, management assumes that employees are. Many theorists support that mcgregors theory considers the field of management from a new angle, indicating a strong influential value. Mba 101 leadership, motivation mcgregor theory x and theory y. The style adopted by a manager in managing his subordinates is basically dependent upon his assumption about human behaviour. In addition, managers who tend to utilize mcgregors theory x generally receive poor results from their employees. Theory y is based on a faulty conception of human nature. Mar 08, 2008 theory x and theory y was created and developed by douglas mcgregor at the mit sloan school of management in the 1960s. Theory x and y which deals with the motivational factors that influence employee. Theory x and theory y team management training from. Douglas mcgregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour.

Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. To show how assumptions of mcgregors motivational theory x and theory y have been applied in the. Theory x is negative, traditional and autocratic style while theory y is positive, participatory and democratic. Douglas mcgregor 1960, 1966 classified managers attitudes or belief system, which he called assumptions, as theory x and y. Features of mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. Mcgregors ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. The alternative theory, theory y, presents employees in general as motivated, ambitious individuals who take a genuine interest in their work and are motivated by. Douglas mcgregor, through his wellknown theory x and theory y, drew a distinction between the assumptions about human motivation which underlie these two approaches, to this effect. In contrast to the principles of conventional management mentioned as theory x, the advocated theory y illuminated a cluster of new or redefined concepts such as selffulfilling prophecy and responsibility. Aug 21, 2015 the theory x and theory y are not based on a single truth.